natural-kind terms In the semantic analysis of nouns, a type of general term for entities which have an identity in nature (as opposed to artefactual, abstract and other general terms). They include some sortal terms (e.g. lion), where a notion of individuation is involved, and some mass terms (e.g. water), where there is no such notion. Their study has been important to the development of theories of direct reference.
network In sociolinguistics a term which defines the set of linguistic interactions that a speaker has with others. In a uniplex network people relate to each other in just one way - such as through the family, work, church or a sporting activity. In a multiplex network, people relate to each other in a variety of ways, repeatedly renewing their contact through sharing a range of social activities.
nonce A term describing a linguistic form which a speaker consciously invents or accidentally uses on a single occasion: a nonce word or a nonce formation (which may involve units larger than the word). Many factors account for their use, e.g. a speaker cannot remember a particular word, so coins an alternative approximation (as in linguistified, heard from a student who felt he was getting nowhere with linguistics), or is constrained by circumstances to produce a new form (as in newspaper headlines). Nonce formations have occasionally come to be adopted by the community - in which case they cease by definition to be 'nonce' (forms used 'for the (n)once'), and become neologisms.
natural-kind terms In the semantic analysis of nouns, a type of general term for entities which have an identity in nature (as opposed to artefactual, abstract and other general terms). They include some sortal terms (e.g. lion), where a notion of individuation is involved, and some mass terms (e.g. water), where there is no such notion. Their study has been important to the development of theories of direct reference.
Image credits: Neologism - new or newly coined word or phrase
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